what does parq mean in dental. These codes specify that procedure involves either one to threeThe Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is a common method of uncovering health and lifestyle issues prior to an exercise programme starting. what does parq mean in dental

 
 These codes specify that procedure involves either one to threeThe Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is a common method of uncovering health and lifestyle issues prior to an exercise programme startingwhat does parq mean in dental <b>yldneirf retnirP </b>

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. Probing Depth. Most insurance carriers take what’s known as the 100-80-50 approach to coverage. PAR-Q has been designed to identify the small number of adults for whom physical activity might be inappropriate or those who should have medical advice concerning the type of activity most suitable for them. The surgeon bears responsibility for ensuring the patient undergoes a pre-operative assessment appropriate to the procedure. Some studies show it can also prevent tooth decay in healthy teeth. b. He said L-PRF is “like a miracle drug. (Shephard, et al, 1981; Cardinal et. A small square that is bonded directly to teeth with a dental bonding agent or attached with orthodontic bands. Porcelain fused metal dental crowns, or PFMs as they are commonly referred to, consist of a layer of metal alloy at the base topped by porcelain. Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire What does PAR-Q determine? (2) Determines safety or risk of exercising. net dictionary. Rheumatology, Medical. Meaning; PARQ: Patient Adherence Report Questionnaire: showing only Business & Finance definitions (show all 11 definitions)A dental insurance waiting period is the length of time after purchasing your dental benefits plan that you must wait before you can use your full coverage. In the absence of CT or traditional transmission sources in combined clinical positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) systems, MR images are used for MR-based attenuation correction (MR-AC). ACL. And when transplant surgery or preparation for a prosthesis requires a level, bump free ridgeline in the roof or bottom of the mouth, alveoloplasty is usually performed. Active treatment is a routine part of dental consultations. The revised PAR-Q (r-PAR-Q) was. Abbreviation to define. org. What does PARQ stand for? PARQ. 50. metal. It’s important for offices to explain these insurance nuances to their patients. Vote. Premium — The amount the enrollee pays for dental benefits, usually paid monthly, quarterly or annually. Login . Each gap in the gum and tooth will be assigned a number, with the smallest number indicating a smaller gap (and healthier gums). PARL Meaning. 5. (Chisolm, et al, 1975). Dental notes can consist of various information. 3. What does PAR-Q stand for? Printer friendly. These terms are often found in (1) nomenclatures and descriptors and (2) treatment plans and patient records. “One week after surgery, it’s common for a surgical site where L-PRF was used to appear as if it has been healing for three or four weeks,” Hughes said. Basic dental care includes office visits, extractions, fillings, periodontal treatment (gum disease), and root canals. Delta Dental of Massachusetts, similarly, has a standardized way of identifying patients at high risk of developing dental disease, providing enhanced benefits for these patients, and Box 1. a combination of materials. Apply a water-based or silicone lubricant to the side of the dental dam that touches the skin to help prevent breakage and improve sensation. Avastin is the brand name for the drug, which is called bevacizumab. PARL. However, it would take a lot of writing to document each person's part of the conversation. A. Really, the PAR-Q is a must use-tool for all (even first!) clients. They’re used to create diagnostic models of your mouth, as well as dental restorations, whitening, trays, retainers, mouth guards and more. Suggest. So what does PARQ mean? It stands for. From a liability point of view, the PAR-Q reduces the risk of client injury, illness and even accident. This shift, in a way, represents a complete change in the normative expectations for a profession. Vote. Benefits may be covered at different coverage levels. Dental technicians craft crowns from a variety of materials, including resin, metal and. Example note: Pt reports brushing 2x’s a day with a manual, medium bristle toothbrush/flossing with regular dental floss 2-3x’s a week/uses water flosser on occasion/doesn’t use mouth rinse. DHMO insurance plans typically cover dental services at a low cost and minimal or no copayments with a pre-selected primary care dentist or a dentist facility with multiple dentists. Utah opted to require its pediatric dental plans to cover only preventive care, as the benchmark plan on which Utah’s exchange plans are based does not cover restorative dental care. The evaluation, diagnosis and care of the surgical patient are primarily the responsibility of the surgeon. comp- Composite 12. There are 5 possible examples of labiodental sounds: /f/, /v/, / ɱ/, /ⱱ/, and /ʋ/. The PARQ system is widely used in dentistry to ensure proper treatment plan discussions with the patient. [ pahrs] (pl. The coverage from those plans should be coordinated so that the patient receives the maximum allowable benefit from each plan. Dental impressions can be traditional or digital. . suggest new definition. While giving the client information considering informed consent, a provider must make sure to explain P-procedures, give A-alternatives, explain material R-risks, and answer the client's Q. Restoration is a term used in dentistry to describe the repair of a missing or damaged tooth structure. PARQ. Fit a used dental dam over in order to reuse it. Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire. Microorganisms. pars mastoi´dea os´sis tempora´lis mastoid part of temporal bone; see under part. PARQ. The dentist should sign off on all entries in patient records regardless of the format. And dental terminology feels very foreign to patients which a judge will also take into consideration. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools. Find step-by-step Biology solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: What does PARQ+ stand for? a) Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire b) Personal Activity Recommendation Quotient c) Physical Assessment Recommendation Quotient d) Personal Achievement Reevaluation Questionnaire. A periodontal chart is a graphic chart your dentist uses to organize information about the space between the tooth and the gum tissue surrounding it. Dental Abbreviations in Dentistry. “PARQ done” means a meeting was held to establish consent for a procedure in which alternatives, risks (including potential risks) and benefits. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools. You can also look at abbreviations and acronyms with word PARQ in term. The Dental Chat contains an array of abbreviations that can be recorded under both the Diagnosis and Treatment sections on each individual tooth. It provides a mix of articles on risk, dento-legal and regulatory matters as well as general features and profiles of interest to dentists. EOB: Explanation of Benefits. For example, you could have. What does PT stand for in Dental? Get the top PT abbreviation related to Dental. Dentists recommend dental crowns when: Your tooth has a very large filling that is bigger than your natural tooth structure. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools "AcronymFinder. The upper parts of the mouth are the. 2. adj. anesthesia / sedation. Examples: 6x extractions, $150 x 6 = 900, less 20% discount $180, $720. What does Medical & Science PARQ stand for? Hop on to get the meaning of PARQ. C/C – (Complete/complete) complete maxillary denture and complete mandibular denture. B/U- Build Up 6. It can also provide peace of mind for individuals unsure about their ability to engage in physical activity safely. Medical, Treatment, Orthodontic. Dentistry, Medical. This combination is applied directly to the teeth, most commonly on cavities. Find. Some abscesses have more than one pocket of pus that must be ruptured to release all of the infected material. There is software out there that enables you to conduct your PAR-Q forms online, such as. Menu Search. PARQ stands for Procedures, Alternatives, Risks and Questions. Dentistry,. Meaning of dental. BID- Twice a Day 5. In some cases, this could lead to alcohol poisoning. PARL Meaning . Printer friendly. active? Please answer NO if you had a problem in the past, but it does not limit your current ability to be physically active. The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is an essential tool for personal trainers to gain crucial information about a new client. The time out includes verifying the correct patient identity, correct procedure verified with consent, correct site (tooth) and side, and availability of any special instruments or equipment needed. EOB does not mean dental claim. What is PAT meaning in Dental? 2 meanings of PAT abbreviation related to Dental: Vote. Hygienists just gained a bit of ground. Crossfit, Training, Workout. BMI Body Mass Index. ) inlays and onlays. Find. Medical BL abbreviation meaning defined here. See also: quadrantDental implant surgery is a procedure that replaces tooth roots with metal, screwlike posts and replaces damaged or missing teeth with artificial teeth that look and function much like real ones. What does PARQ stand for? Printer friendly. The revised PAR-Q (r-PAR-Q) was developed to improve specificity of the PAR-Q by clarifying language. Identifies individuals who need medical evaluation. Medical, Technology. You can also reach out to us from 8:00 a. An EOB is similar to a receipt you may receive from a contractor. Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire + 2. s. Precautions. The cost of your new dental bridge depends on the type of bridge you choose: Traditional or cantilever bridges — $2,000 to $5,000 for a pontic and a crown for each abutment tooth 9. CDAEF- Certified. It blocks the growth of abnormal blood vessels. Here are some terms you need to know before you can compare plans side-by-side. P is a combination of problems, procedures, and a treatment plan. Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire. Medical PARQ abbreviation meaning defined here. Remember an under-aged person is not legally competent. A larger number is a sigh that you have gum problems. Menu Search. cracked or broken teeth. 50. comPlan Year — See "Benefit Year. Printer friendly. What does PARQ stand for? Procedure your are proposing Alternative treatments available Risk involved in treatment Questions the patient may have. PARQ. Not all of the woman’s options for Bronze health plans included adult dental care. What does it mean if you answered 'yes' to all the questions on the PAR-Q? If you answered 'yes' to one or more questions, are older than age 40 and have been inactive or are concerned about your health, consult a physician before taking a fitness test or substantially increasing your physical activity. While giving the client information considering informed consent, a provider must make sure to explain P-procedures, give A-alternatives, explain material R-risks, and answer the client's Q. Medical Dictionary for the Health. 9. When the bacteria create an infection in the gums, it’s called gingivitis. Brackets act like handles, holding the archwires that move the teeth in place. pars mastoi´dea os´sis tempora´lis mastoid part of temporal bone; see under part. Sort. What is PAR meaning in Dentistry? 3 meanings of PAR abbreviation related to Dentistry: Suggest to this list Related acronyms and abbreviations Share PAR Dentistry. The first step is understanding the “working parts” of a dental plan. based on the idea that the patient would consent to treatment to preserve life or health if they were able. Insight - Dental is published quarterly and distributed to MDDUS members working in dental practice throughout the UK. 2 See para . Menu Search. Vote. January 23, 2019. Each service provides a different function for your teeth. The Lifetime Maximum Benefit is the total amount an insurer will pay for a dental service, like modern orthodontics, for that insured person. Q: A: What is shorthand of Pre Activity Readiness Questionnaire? The most common shorthand of "Pre Activity Readiness Questionnaire" is PARQ. used for specific high risk procedures and medical treatments. " Pre-Established Fee — The amount set by Delta Dental that an in-network dentist has agreed to charge for a service. What does PAR-Q abbreviation stand for? List of 1 best PAR-Q meaning form based on popularity. maintain shape can be achieved only by doing sports through the diet. What is PAR-Q? Meaning of PAR-Q medical term. Under Section 1862(a)(12) of the Social Security Act and 42 CFR 411. Lingual : The part that’s nearest to the tongue, also called the tooth’s labial surface. Your dental arch is the curved structure that houses your teeth and consists of the supporting gum and alveolar bone. ” 1 The notes keep track of the procedures, treatments, recommendations, and findings from previous dental. Dental Services Abbreviations Page 3 of 3 ABBREVIATION/TERM ABBREVIATION/TERM q. Most common PARQ abbreviation full forms updated in November 2023BP – Blood pressure. PARQ. 1 definitions of PAR-Q. Your tooth had root canal therapy. Previously AnsweRed Question (knowledgebase) showing only Slang/Internet Slang definitions ( show all 11 definitions) Note: We have 1 other definition for PARQ in our Acronym Attic. DDS means Doctor of Dental Surgery, and DMD can mean either Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry or Doctor of Dental Medicine. There is software out there that enables you to conduct your PAR-Q forms online, such as. What are the three parts of HIPAA? Click the card to flip 👆. Dentistry, Medical. Filter by: Select category from list. This may include dental fillings, crowns, bridges, implants, dentures, and root canal therapy. Dental impressions are imprints of your teeth, gums and surrounding oral structures. Be sure to include any appropriate attachments, such as radiographs and informed consent or informed refusal documents. One that does include it, however, covers a wide range of services with no out-of-pocket fees for checkups, X-rays,. Common sense is your best guide when you answer these questions. PARQ is defined as Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire somewhat frequently. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools "AcronymFinder. PARQ is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms. A dental crown is a tooth-shaped cap. What does PARQ mean? PARQ stands for Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire (also Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. comp- Composite 12. Annual limit: This is the total dollar amount a dental plan will pay during the plan year. Medical, Ability, Perceptual. 3. The new PAR-Q+ and ePARmed-X+ were introduced officially at the 3rd International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (May 5-8,. Usual, customary, and reasonable (fees) ZOE. Providers have the knowledge and the relationship is not balanced unless the patient is adequately informed. Glossary Part 1 defines clinical terms often encountered when selecting the appropriate CDT Code for patient record-keeping and claim preparation. The PAR-Q helps individuals assess their readiness to participate in physical activity or exercise programs and identify any potential risks or contraindications to exercise. It consists of dental crowns (caps) on both ends with pontics (artificial teeth) in between. Tier 1 PPO (in-network) dentists – You'll save the most when you see a PPO dentist who participates in network. What does PAR-Q mean?What does parq mean? One common option for documenting informed consent is noting the acronym “PARQ” which can be written in the patient’s chart. Chart notes are considered legal documents and, according to the American Dental Association, are “critical in the event of a malpractice insurance claim. There are five requirements that make consent valid: · The consenter must be legally competent. Ogata says, “the idea behind smart materials is to boost productivity for the practitioner by saving time and money. A dental prophylaxis visit is also known as a routine wellness appointment. DH Dental Hygienist DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation DIF direct immunofluorescence DJD degenerative joint disease dk deca-, deka-DKA diabetic ketoacidosis dL deciliter dM decimorgan DM diabetes mellitus DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine; Duchenne muscular dystrophy DME Director of Medical Education dmf decayed, missing, or filled. This distance is used to distinguish the overall health of your gums. how do u maintain your shape as par weight en diet? its bse am interested in knowing anything concerning my body. Embarrassment about the missing teeth may prevent a person from smiling or participating in everyday activities. DPPOs contract with dentists for a discount from usual fees. General Dentist: A primary dental care provider that performs preventive care as well as restorative procedures such as fillings, crowns, implants, and more. DSOs do not provide patient. Misaligned teeth can lead to an ill-fitting bite, such as an excessive overbite or an underbite. Salivary Pellicle. Avoid eating and drinking sugary substances. Adderall can mask the effects of alcohol, so you may drink more than you usually would. paroxysm: [ par´ok-sizm ] 1. It is common for parents to call in their consent as their children come in for. It's a short questionnaire designed to determine the safety of exercise for a client. PARQ – When a dentist discusses treatment options with a patient, it must be documented. Dental insurance premiums vary. The American Dental Association’s (ADA) Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) connects the latest research findings with the daily practice of dentistry. PARQ. PARQ. Some dental insurance companies have a waiting period of six months while others have a waiting period of 12 months. This is why the PAR-Q should be done as part of your initial personal trainer consultation with your clients. That leaves you with the remaining balance of $40 to pay for the service received, in addition to the $50 deductible. Direct restorations are repairs made inside of the mouth (fillings), while indirect restorations are fashioned outside of the mouth and then. PAR-Q Abbreviation for Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. abbreviation; word in meaning;. You are now ready to practice dental charting. Examples: NFL, NASA, PSP, HIPAA,random Word(s) in meaning: chat "global warming" Postal codes: USA: 81657, Canada: T5A 0A7. Rank Abbr. The exact meaning of PAR-Q is ‘ P hysical A ctivity R eadiness Q uestionnaire’. If anyone answers YES to any of the questions a doctors. a(specific) absorption (coefficient) (USUALLY ITALIC); (total) acidity; area; (systemic) arterial (blood). 3 votes. The four types of dental bridges are: Traditional fixed bridges are the most common type of bridge. Informed consent is required from a surrogate acting on behalf of the patient. use crowns to restore weak, broken or decayed. If the bacteria reach deep into the gums, an infection can damage the underlying structures, like the tooth root, attached ligaments, and the bone. Email us anytime at dentalcode@ada. This helps to prevent complications in your mouth or other parts of the body. Parallel. ) part. The assessment shall include a review of the patient's chart and an independent diagnosis by the operating. DENTAL definition: Dental is used to describe things that relate to teeth or to the care and treatment of. SP. And the last will be 18. written consent. Dental coverage typically follows a 100/80/50 structure, where preventative services are fully covered, basic services are covered at 80% and major. Let’s say your lifetime maximum is $2,500 at 50%. There is a reason why all NASM Certified Personal Trainers are required to be CPR/AED certified. g. 23 Categories. Menu Search. They are numbers 11 and 12 on the chart. PARQ it. Brushes: Flosses: Mouthwash: Social HX: Tobacco use: EtOH use: Recreational drug use: PARQ: Patient informed of today's Procedure, Alternatives, Risks, and all Questions were answered. m. what is the point of a parq? it examines if a performer is ready for training and flags up health conditions, previous injuries + lifestyle choices that can impact physical activity / training. PARQ has been created to be written in the patient treatment notes and imply that each of the following issues have been discussed. pD. PARQ stands for procedures, alternatives, risks, and questions. Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry specializing in treating imbalanced bites, formally known as malocclusion. 4. Tips to prevent full mouth debridement. by Anne Blythe January 23, 2020. Water — acts as a base liquid for the substance. al. 2 PA. During a dental cleaning, you may have heard a dentist call out numbers to their dental hygienist while examining your teeth. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Procedure explained Alternatives to care Risks to treatment Questions from patients, Relatively hard and lightweight Formed mostly of calcium hydroxyapatite Has relatively high compressive strength but poor tensile strength Brittle, but has a degree of elasticity via organic. composite resin. There are many other abbreviations, rarely used, and some doctors and hospitals create their own. ADA. Q: A: What is shorthand of Passive/Active Remote Queueing? The most common shorthand of "Passive/Active Remote Queueing" is PARQ. at will R right RC root canal RCF root canal filling RCT root canal treatment RD rubber dam re regarding re-ex reexamination ref reference rev reversible RH&N regional head and neck examination RHD rheumatic heart disease. so i would say 'exo' is probably 'xo'- same pronounciation and just means a straight forward tooth removal. If you do indulge, always rinse your mouth. Level Of Exposure-Dental Experiences Questionnaire. As a result, your total out-of-pocket cost for the treatment is $90. IP Dental Abbreviation. The STANDS4 Network. PARQ. CAL – Clinical attachment level. The overall. BOP – bleeding on probing. When the pulp of a primary or milk tooth gets infected, pulpectomy is the best treatment option to save the teeth. privacy, confidentiality, securityAbstract. The provider does not file dental claims at all. Every time you get a dental treatment that falls within your policy’s coverage, your dental plan can shoulder 50% of the amount until they pay a cumulative amount of $2,000. BP- Blood Pressure 7. Verbally obtained consent. crn- Crown 13. The PAR-Q contains a simple 7-question battery designed to determine whether individuals are able to become more physically active or engage in a fitness appraisal. If you reach your annual maximum for your benefit period, meaning Delta Dental has paid $1,500 towards your dental services, any services after that are 100% your responsibility until the next benefit period. Dental Abbreviations in Dentistry 19. A dental benefits waiting period may last anywhere from a few months to a. Q: A: What is shorthand of Patient Adherence Report Questionnaire? The most common shorthand of "Patient Adherence Report Questionnaire" is PARQ. 2 votes. Tier 2 participating non-PPO (out-of-network) dentists – Although they're not part of our network, you'll still save if you see a. What does par-Q stand for in exercise? The PAR-Q was developed in an effort to standardize activity screening for persons aged 15-69 years. Dentists were OK with the changes. 1 definitions of PARQ. PARQ. What does PA stand for in Dental? Get the top PA abbreviation related to Dental. Call your doctor right away if you think this medicine has started to damage your. The reason for this is because you have not had a dental exam in the past 13 months. Dentistry, Medical. Suggest. The consenter must be legally competent. What is LOE-DEQ meaning in Dental? 1 meaning of LOE-DEQ abbreviation related to Dental: Dental. There is a reason why all NASM Certified Personal Trainers are required to be CPR/AED certified. This article contains the current 2022 CONSENSUS PANEL APPROVED AND OFFICIAL version of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+). What does PARQ stand for in Medical? Get the top PARQ abbreviation related to Medical. new search. hope this is helpful. To begin automatically sending your customers a compulsory ParQ form before signing up for a new class or purchasing a new membership, sign up for TeamUp's free trial. PARQ Stands For: All acronyms (12) Airports & Locations Business &. The amalgam does just as good of a job, if not a better job, than the composite, BUT the patient comes out-of-pocket more. PD. 1 When a person responds positively to 1 or more questions on the PAR-Q, he or she is advised to consult a physician for physical activity participation clearance. IP. Specialties: PARQ San Diego has brought together the leaders in the restaurant and nightclub industries to bring you an unparalleled nightlife experience on 6th and Broadway in the Gaslamp district of San Diego,. Dentistry, Medical. are you doing anything? 3 times a week is the least recommended and it will reshape you. This definition appears somewhat frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories: Science, medicine, engineering, etc. As hygienists, we perform oral cancer screenings at every hygiene appointment. Step 1: When to Conduct the PAR-Q. If your practice decides to develop and use smart phrases, make sure that individualized data always accompanies the phrase. Periapical radiolucency is a radiographic marker of inflammatory bone lesions surrounding the apex of the tooth that may be seen using a dental radiograph. Informed consent (IC) can be defined as an ethical and legal doctrine based on the assumption that all interventions (diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, or related to scientific studies) in the medical field should only be performed after a patient or research participant has been informed about the purpose, nature, consequences, and risks of the. DDS and DMD are the acronyms of the degrees dentists earn after finishing dental school. may cause your gums to recede. American Dental. At Riverside Dental Care, we do our best to explain what we. Possible scenarios that can result in periapical radiolucencies are commonly initiated either by trauma, caries, or tooth wear . PAR-Q is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms. ADJ- Adjustment 2. Peer Assessment Rating. Paperwork is never fun, and much less so when you’re concerned about health issues or sizable bills, or just had a dental treatment and are feeling a little foggy. PAR. ADJ- Adjustment 2. If you have an EPO plan, you can only see dentists in this network. There are FIVE requirements that make consent valid: 1. What is a dentist main job? Typical dentist duties and responsibilities include: Educating patients on their oral hygiene and dental care. 3. There is a little agreement in academic literature as to what. Meaning. CNS Central Nervous System. Orthodontists and prosthodontists can help improve your smile through therapeutic options like braces. They measure the gap between the pocket of your gum and the nearest tooth. Parotid. MO Mesial-occlusal. , Which of the following is NOT a reason why indirect restorations are more costly than direct restorations and more. PARQ conference: [park] [Acronym fm p(rocedure) , a(lternative) , r(isk) , and q(uestion) ] A conference to establish informed consent for medical treatment or. PAR. Dental exams: Check the mouth for cavities, gum disease, oral cancer, and more. pars pla´na the thin part of the ciliary body; the ciliary disk. What does PARQ mean? PARQ stands for Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (also Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire and 8 more) Rating: 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Patient records should be kept:, Slow-speed handpieces can include:, Non-verbal communication between the dentist and assistant can reduce the amount of time it takes to perform a dental procedure. Parq Medical Abbreviation data. to 5 p. What does PARQ mean? PARQ as abbreviation means "Patient Adherence Report Questionnaire". not a complete review of all material; just things I thought were important/ were bolded in the powerpoints What does “PARQ conference held” mean in the medical record? The PARQ acronym is Procedure, Alternatives, Risks/Benefits, Questions— minimum requirements for informed consent. Possible PARQ meaning as an acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term vary from category to category. “M” stands for mesial, which is a medical term for the front of a tooth. Vote. If you are between the ages of 15 and 69, the PAR-Q will tell you if you should check with your doctor before you start. Patient Adherence Report Questionnaire. Link/Page Citation Abbreviation Database Surfer.